Concrete construction



E. S. LUARD.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28. 1922.

Patented Aug. 8, 1922 ILAQ5 JUL4C.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

:1 moan for 5, L ward Edward E. S. LUARD.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28, 1922.

' Patented Aug. 8, 1922'.

J H'Uu r. F01 Edward 152 L ward 3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

E. S. LUARD.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28, I922.

1 A25, 1 1 4L Patented. Aug. 8, 11922.,

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Ill?

Ll l ll ll EDVIABD SYDNEY LUfaE-ID, LQNIDON, ENGLAND.

CQNGEETE GONSTRUGTION.

Application filed. February 2-, 1.922.

T 0 all whom or may concern:

Be it known that I, DlVARD SYDNEY Luann, of London, England, a subject ot the King of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Concrete Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to concrete structures for use in constructing caissons or other suitable constructions such seawalls, wells, tanlrs, retaining walls, drains towers, chimneys or mooring posts for aircraft or ships.

According to this invention I provide cells comprising two or more polygonal shells constructed a .round a common centre and disposed so that the walls of the outer polygonal shell receive support from the inner polygonal shell or shells. @ne or more ot the inner polygonal shells may have its sides inclined and horizontal slabs may be introduced to form platforms or other structures. In making cell walls of very strong construction the inner polygonal shell or shells may be joined to the out-er polygonal shell with concrete reinforced to form a combination of three reinforced walls. The slabs forming the walls of the different polygonal shells may be laid with their longest edges alternatively horizontally and vertically so that the joints do not coincide.

By this invention structures having cells of a much larger size and lighter character can be made without dificulty and the cells so made are particularly suitable for withstanding external pressure.

Referring to the accompanying drawings which are in diagrammatic for1n:

Figure l is aplan view of two cells a concrete structure constructed in accordance with this invention,- the reinforced concrete lilling being omitted from one of the shells.

Figure 2 is asimilar view of another term of cell in which the outer shell is supported by radial arms or webs.

Figure 3 is a. plan view illustrating another form of the invention, in which an upwardly tapered inner shell is employed.

Figure l is a horizontal sectional view oi a portion of a shell showing another form of the invention embodying a plurality of vertically disposed polygonal shells and an upwardly tapered polygonal shell.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view of a cell illustrating a further modification of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. F, 1*?)22.

Serial No. 539,999.

the invention embodying a plurality of outer polygonal shells and an inner polygonal shell having radial arms or webs: extending from the angles or the inner shell to the center of the flats of one of the outer shells.

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view on the line 6 6 of Figure 4:.

Figure 7' is a similar view on the line 7-7 of Figure 5.

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view of a cell showing another form of the invention.

In Figure l of the drawings a designates a cell constructed in accordance with this invention and comprising inner and outer polygonal shells e and f consisting of thin slabs of concrete forming the walls of both the inner and outer shells and f. The shells c and f are erected about a common center and the angles formed by the flat walls of the inner shell 7 are arranged opposite the flats of the outer shell in abutting relation with the walls thereof at the center of the same, forming intervening pockets between the polygonal shells, which pockets are filled with a filling 1 of plastic material, such as reinforced concrete. By this arrangement of the angles of the inner polygonal shell opposite the center ot the flats of the outer polygonal shell the latter is braced and supported by the said inner polygonal shell. I

In Figure 2 of the drawings is illustrated another form of cell comprising an outer polygonal shell e and an inner polygonal shell 7 having its angles arranged opposite the flats of the outer polygonal shell and provided at the angles with radially extending arms or webs g, which are arranged in abutting relation with the walls of the outer polygonal. shell at the centers of the same to support and brace the said walls of the outer polygonal shell. This structure also forms intervening pockets between the inner and outer shells and the said arms and the pool:- ets are filled with a plastic filling 2 of reinforced concrete.

In Figure 3 of the drawings is illustrated a cell comprising an outer polygonal shell e and an inner upwardly tapering polygonal shell f having its sides inclined inwardly and upwardly. The walls and the slabs of the upwardly tapered inner shell f may be provided with. projections 7L engaging in slots 7/ of the ends of the adjacent inclined walls or slabs. The lower ends or bottom portions of the inclined walls or 7 and slabs of the inner polygonal shells are arranged contiguous to and in supporting rela tion with the walls of the outer polygonal shell c and the angles of the inner and outer shells in this form of the invention coincide. The inner and outer shells form intervening spaces for the reception oi a filling of reintorced concrete, which is omitted in Fig ure 3, for convenience of illustration. The inner upwardly tapered polygonal shell f is adapted to support horizontal slabs for forming a platform or part of a staircase.

' In Figure 4; of the drawings is illustrated a larger cell comprising an outer polygonal shell 6 a twelve sided perpendicular polygonal shell on. and an upwardly tapered polygonal shell n having sloping inwardly and upwardly inclined slabs or walls. The slabs or walls of the upwardly tapered shell 12 are tapering as shown and at the base they are of substantially the width of the slabs or walls of the perpendicular twelve sided shell 'm and are arranged in contiguous supporting'or bracing relation with the same. The slabs or walls of the perpendicular twelve sided polygonal shell are arranged alternately across the angles of the outer polygonal shell 6 and against the central portion of the flats oil the same, forming pockets at the angles of the outer shell, which pockets are adapted to receive a plastic filling-of reinforced concrete. The intervening spaces between the slabs or walls of the polygonal shells m and n are also adapted to receive a similar filling, these fillings being omitted in Figure 4 of the drawings for convenience of illustration. The recesses for the reception of putlogs or bearers a for temporary scaffolding and the like, may be conveniently made in the walls or slabs of the twelve sided perpendicular polygonal shell m. I

The cell illustrate l in Figure 5 off. the drawings, comprises an outer polygonal shell m an internal polygonal shell 0 arranged at the outer portion of the cell close to but in spaced relationwith the outer shell m there being an intervening space between the polygonal shells m and 0 to receive the filling l of reinforced concrete, making the two shells form a three-ply construction.

The concrete is designed tobe provided with strong reinforcements 79 and the slabs or walls of the internal polygonal shell 0 may be divided at the center of the slabs or walls ot-the outer shell m the walls of the internal shell 0 being composed of two slabs extending only half the width of the wall and being supported at the juncture of the slabs by radiating arms or slabs s of a cen tral polygonal six-sided shell 1". The centr-al hexagonal shell 1" is provided at its angles with the radiating arms or slabs s and is used forstrengthening the cell, preferably at the bottom of a concrete construction to withstand the upward pressure where the structure is arranged in deep water. The shell 1" need only be a few feet in height. Holes may be provided in the slabs of the internal polygonal shell 0 at the angles thereof for the reception of bolts for form a three-ply outer wall similar to that disclosed in Figure 5 of the drawings. At the bottom of the cell is arranged. a central polygonal shell 8 similar in design and arrangement to the central polygonal shell r of the said cell shown in Figure 5 and provided with radial webs or arms 9 consisting of slabs extending from the angles of the inner shell 8 to the internal polygonal shell. 6, the spaces or pockets between the radial. webs or arms 9, being provided with a filling 10 of reiniorced conerete or other suitable plastic material. The upper part of the cell shown in Figure 8, is provided with upwardly tapered inner polygonal siells 11 having inwardly and upwardly inclined slabs or walls which are tapered. upwardly as shown. These upwardly tapered polygonal shells 11 are arranged at intervals as shown and the interrening spaces between theinner polygonal shells and the internal polygonal shells 6 are provided with a filling 12 of reinforced concrete or other suitable material. The said upwardly taperedpolygonal shells 11 are constructed substantiallyv the same as the upwardly tapered polygonal shell illustrated in Figure 4 of :the drawings, and bearers 13 may be disposed across the top of the polygonal shells 13 to form floors for carrying any filling 14 that it may be desired to insert in the cells. These support ing members 14; will relieve the cell from excessive bursting pressure. .The bottom of the cell is secured to the sides of the structure-by reinforcing wires in the sides passing round reinforcements in the bottom.

The cracks left between the slabs forming the walls of the polygons may be lilled with concrete or left empty as desired.

Structures made in accordance with this invention are characterized in that they can be easily strengthened and added to as the work proceeds.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A; cellular concrete structurecomprising outer andinner polygonal shells erected about a common center and having their sides associated so that the angles of an inner shell are located opposite the flats of an outer shell and support the latter, and a plastic filling between the said shells.

2. A cellular concrete structure comprising outer and inner polygonal shells erected about a common center and having their sides associated so that the angles of an inner shell are located opposite the flats of an outer shell, and radially disposed webs or arms extending from the angles of the inner shell and supporting the outer shell.

3. A cellular concrete structure comprising' outer and inner polygonal shells erected about a common center and having their sides associated so that the angles of an inner shell are located opposite the flats of an outer shell, radially disposed webs or arms extending from the angles of the inner shell and supporting the outer shell, said inner shell and webs or arms forming with the outer shell a series of pockets, and a structural filling arranged in the pockets.

4. A cellular structure composed of polygonal inner and outer shells having slab walls associated so that the angles of the inner shell are located opposite the flat ol' the outer shell and form a series of pockets between the inner and outer shells, and a structural filling arranged in the pockets.

5. A cellular structure having a plurality of polygonal shells and including concentric shells having coinciding sides and an inner polygonal shell having its angles disposed opposite the flats of the said concentric shells for supporting the same.

6. A cellular structure having a plurality of polygonal shells and including eoncentric shells having coinciding sides, and an inner polygonal shell having its angles disposed opposite the flats of the said concentric shells, and radial webs or arms extending from the angles or the inner shell and supporting the concentric shells.

7. A cellular structure comprising a plurality of polygonal shells erected around a common center and including an outer polygonal shell, an inner upwardly tapered polygonal shell, and provided with sloping sides having their bottom portions arranged to support the outer shell, and a filling of plastic material arranged between the said shells.

In testimony whereoi l. have signed my name to this specification.

EDl VARD SYDNEY LUARD. 

